[FInished] : Simple Scoring Board

General description:

Simple Scoring Board is my project for Digital System Theory class, last semester. I didn't do it alone, but I did it with my friend. Basically, it's a counter circuit. It can show you the scores for both teams which doing the game, from 00-99, it uses 4 seven segments, 2 seven segments for each team. Also it uses up counter IC CD4026BE, 3 switch buttons, 1 ON/OFF switch, 1 LED as indicator, 9V battery and anti-bouncing circuit. Here is how it looks like:

The final simple scoring boad

Tools:
-Soldering tools
-wires

Materials and components:
-Red 7 segment common cathode
-LED
-4 pin switch button
-Resistor 1K ohm and 4K7 ohm
-Capacitor 100nF
-9V battery
-Diode 1N4002
-IC CD4026BE

This is the original schematic of simple scoring board:

schematic of simple scoring board

Then, I put anti-bouncing circuit on the up counter switch button, because the number that shows on seven segment didn't came up in line.

The anti-bouncing circuit

This is the logic diagram image and the pin configuration from CD4026BE datasheet:

CD4026BE logic diagram

CD4026BE pin configuration

This is how it works:

As you can see from the logic diagram image, CD4026BE clock pin is active high, it means the IC will start counting whenever the clock pin in HIGH/1 logic condition, to prevent the IC for counting I must connect it to ground, so the clock pin will be in LOW/0 logic condition. To show the number that counted by the IC, I connected the seven segment output pin(6,7,9,10,11,12 and 13) to seven segment. Dont forget to conncet pin 3(display enable) to Vcc(power source). To reset the counter, I connect pin 15(reset pin) to ground, that is why I put pull down resistor on reset switch button.

The simulation on breadboard:

You can also see this project in my works at behance.net

[Finished]3D Video Project 2010: How good is your car

I made this video on August 12th, 2010

Tools:
-3Ds Max 2009
-Craft Director
-Adobe Premiere

Video:

[FInished]Traffic Light Using 74LS93 and GAL

General Description:
This is my project for Digital System Theory class last semester. I had to made something by using IC counter and IC General Arithmatic Logic(GAL). I made this with my friends.

Tools:
-Soldering tool
-Cutter
-Solder wire
-Proteus
-Multisim
-Altium Designer
-Wires

Materials and components:
-PCB
-Breadboard/simulation board
-Red 7 segment common cathode
-Green 7 segment common anode
-LED(s): Red, Yellow, Green
-IC counter 74LS93 and 74190
-IC BCD to 7 segment 74LS47(for 7 seg common anode) and 74LS48(for 7 seg common cathode)
-IC JK-FF 74LS76
-IC GAL 16V8
-IC timer 555
-IC 4071(OR gate)
-IC 7401(NAND gate)
-Resistor 10K ohm
-Capacitor 10 uF and 47 uF
-9V Battery

We did not make this traffic light by using the microcontroller, as you can see in this article's title, we made this traffic light just using mod 16 counter 74LS93, so this traffic light miniature had limitation in its counter. We had to divide the counting time into 3 part, and set the frequency of output clock from IC 555 to produced 1 Hz signal, it means one pulse at a time, you can use the calculator for IC 555 in here. So, we could set 12 seconds for Part 1(Red Countdown), 1 second for part 2(Yellow Countdown) and 3 seconds for part 3(Green Countdown). I used IC GAL just to separated the output from 74LS93 for 1st and 2nd way and 3rd and 4th way.

Cross roads schematic

Traffic Light Concept

Final concept for the traffic light

Traffic Light behavior, produced by 74LS93

Traffic light schematic:

Traffic light without countdown

Traffic light green countdown

To make the countdown for green light, I assembled the JK-FF as you can see above

Traffic light red countdown

Traffic light 1st and 2nd way

How it works:
The timer 555 produced the 1 Hz signal to make every IC(integrated circuit) works. The IC counter 74LS93 would start counting from 0 to 15. The output from 74LS93 would be divided into 4 traffic light in cross roads, how was it divided? Look at the picture of Traffic light behavior. By understanding its behavior, I can make the countdown for the traffic light. As you can see, the red light will be on for 12 seconds, so I set both 74190 to display number 12(by cascading them), 74190a will start the countdown from 1 to 0 and 74190b will start the countdown from 2 to 0. Everytime the 74190b finish counting, it'll send a signal to make the 74190a counting. It will look like this:

74190a | 74190b
----------|----------
    1      |    2
    1      |    1
    1      |    0
    0      |    9
    0      |    8
    0      |    7
    0      |    6
    0      |    5
    0      |    4
    0      |    3
    0      |    2
    0      |    1

I did almost the same thing for green light countdown, but because I used the different IC so I couldn't do exactly the same. I used the JK-FF(s) for green light countdown with mod 3 up counter schematic, but I reverse its logic so it became a down counter.

What did we do with the GAL?
Look at the schematic of traffic light without countdown. We programmed the GAL as that circuit.
By doing so, we made the traffic light circuit more simple.
The traffic light simulation in proteus:

The traffic light simulation on breadboard:

  The output from 74LS93:

  The countdown:

  The traffic light:

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